Globalisation

Globalization refers to a process by which an inward-looking economy converts itself into the outward-looking economy so as to
a)integrate better with international markets
b)learn from international experiences
c)compete internationally so as to give itself advantage of global integration.

In this context, it would be visualized an inward economy will have features

• self-sufficiency
• protection to domestic industries
• barrier to others
• production for self-market

Outward economy features-

• interdependency/integration
• global competition favoured
• production is for others as well as part from the self

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ADMINISTRATION

It creates prerequisite for International competition. By very nature, globalization needs to integrate and competition among economy. The feature of International competition necessitates a focus on certain pre-requisite which public administration in any country would now require to adopt ie.

prerequisite for

• cost control
• productivity consciousness
• technological upgradation
• adaptation on international best practices

In other words, the global economy and the operation of interconnected government not only facilitates international competition and comparison but also bring public administration in any country under public scrutiny ie...in the light of international people compare and demand an administration which is conscious of cost, quality, speed, user-friendliness, and other best practices.

In other words, the global economy and the operation of interconnected government not only facilitate international comparison but also bring public administration in any country under public scrutiny ie..in the light of international comparison -people compare and demand an administration which is conscious of cost, quality, speed, user-friendliness and other best practices.

Impact of globalisation

• One of the major offshoots of globalization is the IT and specifically the internet. It has opened up an enormous opportunity for administrative improvement through information dissemination through inner transparency
• convenience
• accessibility
• the speed of service delivery 
• citizenship participation in the various process through the various interface like G2C and C2G.

Administrative Agencies and government department are increasingly adopting e-gov theme in a big way to improve various parameters like speed, transparency, accountability and participation.

Challenges Caused by Globalization

Challenges of context sensitivity -the biggest challenges of public administration caused by globalization are the threat created by the possibility of global administrative mono-culture ie..the possibility that a single model or limited setup theories may start getting propagated as a universally applicable model.

In other words, there are tendencies of
1)Forcible imposition of western or USA centric ideas
2)blind aping or mindless imports by local administrative planner /experts in the borrowing countries.



Further, it has already been debated that the multilateral aid agency like World Bank often propagates in the form of aid conditionality either to promote their commercial interest or to propagate their ideology.

a)
In this context Christopher Hood as observed as under
"Even the global village is culturally plural and not homogeneous meaning thereby that the world under the impact of globalisation may have become compact as a village but culturally it's heterogeneous.

Thus, the main challenge is"How to think globally and act locally"
In other words, the challenge is how to apply global learning to suit the contextual requirements.

b)Challenge of cultural globalisation-globalisation has brought a focus on specialised tasks for the administration which earlier as never seen a core part of the administration but now a crucial part of bad. These specialised administrative tasks of the global world

• global security and war against terrorism
• law and order challenges because of increasing crime rate including cybercrime
• environmental concerns ie..global warming
• Health issues especially in the light of global pandemic
• the issue of gender sensitivity

These issues bring to the forefront the requirement of global networking and corporation among different government and administration. Further, the administration of one country needs to develop greater negotiations and collaborative skills to achieve twin objective of guarding national interests by contributing to national interests.

c)Challenges of global Accountability-

Its now being increasingly observed that in the globalised world. Justice and accountability have become a major concern. It has been noted there is the tendency of global criticism whereby some block of powerful countries tend to dominate the world order and world forum.

Its argued that quite often the voice of third world countries are often suppressed and their economic and developmental issues are sidelined.

In this context-

Joseph Stiglitz has noted

"Globalization can promote development but can create poverty. Global justice and accountability become major issues because there exists the possibility of global governance without global government"

It also needs to be seen that inbuilt within the challenges of globalisation are the challenges of liberalisation and privatisation. As a result Pbad in any nation has to be accordingly reinvented, re-engineered, pluralised, networked and fine-tuned.