1(k)NPS Approach

Denhart & Denhart wrote a book in 2002 entitled the "New Public Service-serving not steering" This book prompted the theme/argument that steering idea of NPM had an inherent limitation because it tends to give the government a detached role which is not the best way to ensure and promote the public interest. The other model that was almost parallel to NPS was public governance model by Werner Jam.

NPS refutes NPM eliticism

NPS is more inclined towards -Public service/Public governance-Good Governance

Thus, These two Models ie..Public Governance model and Public Service Model originated around the same time and captured this thematic shift from public management to public service and eventually laid the foundation for Good Governance Concept.


Extension Of NPM-  

• Governing Network-Gold Smith and Eggers
• Government by Hire-Paul C.Light
• Flattening Government by-Carolyn Hill

FLATTENING GOVERNMENT -CAROLYN HILL

• Denhart and Den-hart argued that the steering /facilitative role may end up facilitating the few rather than masses. 
• Thus they further argued that NPS is a perspective which is against the marginalization of government and its role and against the marginalization of the common citizen.

• In fact, Denhart and Denhart suggested that NPS model reminds the NPA theme of the late 1960s because it had certain core ideas which are closer to NPA namely-

•  A significant role for government and core concern for common citizen rather than paying affluent /elite class.

However, Nicholas Henry himself chooses to bunch NPS model within broad NPM theme where it still has some similarity with NPM namely

a) using the private/business approach in public sector

b)Pro-efficiency concerns in public administration and

c)Pro-citizen/customer orientation 

Denhart and Denhart pointed out that if the government is reduced to just a marginal player then its a democracy diminishing trend because it tends to reduce the voice of a common man in the administrative process and create a government more inclined for classes, not masses.

As a result , NPS model recommended as under

a)A philosophy of serving rather than steering ie..not just private dominated institutional pluralism but a bigger role of government so as to ensure public Interest.

This role of government which was de-emphasized earlier by NPM was re-Emphasized by NPS model.

b)Recommendation to listening to the public rather than telling to public ie..promotion of the concept of co-governance and the concept of ethics in an administration where people would be involved and there concerns considered at foremost top priority.
Thus despite a re-emphasis to the government role, it doesn't recommend or tolerate reversal to unitary bureaucratic and slow performing administration.